manual:chapter5:asm

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision
Previous revision
Next revision Both sides next revision
manual:chapter5:asm [2019/11/27 16:29]
jojo1973 Added example code
manual:chapter5:asm [2019/12/05 14:03]
jojo1973 [Simple assignments with operators] Added a particular syntax regarding register R
Line 27: Line 27:
 **Instructions** are divided in the following classes:  **Instructions** are divided in the following classes: 
  
-^ Assignment operators  ^ Math operators  ^ Math functions  ^ Flow control  ^ Data manipulation +^ Assignment  ^ Math (oper.)  ^ Math (functions)  ^ Tests  ^ Flow control  ^ Data manipulation 
-| ''=''  | ''+''  | ''IP''  | ''CMP''  | ''GET'' +| ''=''  | ''+''  | ''IP''  | ''CMP''  | ''SKIP''  | ''GET'' 
-| ''+=''  | ''-''  | ''LN''  | ''SKIP''  | ''PUT'' +| ''+=''  | ''-''  | ''LN''  | ''CHK''  | ''LOOP''   | ''PUT'' 
-| ''-=''  | ''*''  | ''EXP''  | ''LOOP''  | ''PUSH'' +| ''-=''  | ''*''  | ''EXP''  | ''AND''  |    | ''PUSH'' 
-| ''*=''  | ''/''  | ''SQRT''  | ''FPUSH''  | ''RPUSH'' +| ''*=''  | ''/''  | ''SQRT''  | ''OR''  |    | ''RPUSH'' 
-| ''/=''  | ''^''  | ''SIN''  |  :::  | ''POP'' +| ''/=''  | ''^''  | ''SIN''  | ''XOR''  |  :::  | ''POP'' 
- :::   :::  | ''COS''  |  :::  | ''RPOP'' +      | ''COS''  |    |  :::  | ''RPOP'' 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''TAN'' |  :::  | ''MIN'' +|  :::  |  :::  | ''TAN'' |  :::  |  :::  | ''MIN'' 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ASIN''  |  :::  | ''MAX'' +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ASIN''   :::   :::  | ''MAX'' 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ACOS''  |  :::  | ''RND'' +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ACOS''   :::   :::  | ''RND'' 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ATAN'' |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ATAN'' |  :::  |  :::  | ''CLR''  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''SINH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''SINH''  |  :::  |  :::  |   
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''COSH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''COSH''  |  :::  |  :::  |    
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''TANH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''TANH''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ASINH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ASINH''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ACOSH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ACOSH''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ATANH''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ATANH''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''FP''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''FP''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ABS''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ABS''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''ARG''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''ARG''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''RE''  |  :::  |  :::  | +|  :::  |  :::  | ''RE''   :::   :::  |  :::  | 
-|  :::  |  :::  | ''IM''  |  :::  |  :::  |+|  :::  |  :::  | ''IM''   :::   :::  |  :::  |
  
-**Literals** are integer constants from ''0'' to ''15''. They can optionally prefixed with a hash (''#'') or expressed in hexadecimal (''#0H''-''#FH''). In the latter case the leading ''#'' and trailing ''H'' are compulsory.+**Literals** are integer constants from ''0'' to ''15''. They can optionally be prefixed with a hash (''#'') or expressed in hexadecimal (''#0H''-''#FH''). In the latter case the leading ''#'' and trailing ''H'' are compulsory.
  
 **Statements** are divided in two categories: **Statements** are divided in two categories:
Line 58: Line 58:
     * an optional //assignment operator// (''='', ''+='', ''-='', ''*='' or ''/='');     * an optional //assignment operator// (''='', ''+='', ''-='', ''*='' or ''/='');
     * a //math operator//, a //math function// or a //data manipulation command//: operators are __infix__, functions and commands are __prefix__;     * a //math operator//, a //math function// or a //data manipulation command//: operators are __infix__, functions and commands are __prefix__;
-    * 1 or 2 arguments to the operator or function. Arguments can be either a (pseudo-)register (''A''-''H'', ''S1''-''S7''), a reference (''R'') or a literal. The context makes clear if the arguments are to be interpreted as //direct// (e.g. register ''A'') or //indirect// (e.g. the stack level referenced by register ''A'').+    * 1 or 2 arguments to the operator or function. Arguments can be either a (pseudo-)register (''A''-''H'', ''S1''-''S7''), a reference (''R'') or a literal. 
  
   * **Commands**, which may be   * **Commands**, which may be
     * a //comparison// command, followed by the two arguments to be compared;     * a //comparison// command, followed by the two arguments to be compared;
     * a //flow control// command, followed by the condition to be tested;     * a //flow control// command, followed by the condition to be tested;
-    * a //data manipulation// command, followied by two arguments defining the extent of the manipulation; +    * a //data manipulation// command, followed by two arguments defining the extent of the manipulation; 
-    * arguments can be either a register (''A''-''H'', ''S1''-''S7''), a reference (''R'') or a literal.  The context makes clear if the arguments are to be interpreted as //direct// (e.g. register ''A'') or //indirect// (e.g. the stack level referenced by register ''A'').+    * arguments can be either a register (''A''-''H'', ''S1''-''S7''), a reference (''R'') or a literal.
  
 ==== Simple assignments with operators ==== ==== Simple assignments with operators ====
Line 73: Line 73:
 | '':A=S2'' '':S2=S1'' '':S1=A''  | Swap stack level 1 with level 2 using register ''A'' as temporary storage. An error is raised if the stack contains less than 2 levels  | | '':A=S2'' '':S2=S1'' '':S1=A''  | Swap stack level 1 with level 2 using register ''A'' as temporary storage. An error is raised if the stack contains less than 2 levels  |
 | '':C+=B^#2''  | Square the value register ''B'' and adds the result to register ''C''  | | '':C+=B^#2''  | Square the value register ''B'' and adds the result to register ''C''  |
 +| '':B=R^#2 π''  | Assign ''%%'%%π^2%%'%%'' to register B. This example shows that register ''R'' must not necessarily be the second argument of a binary operator  |
  
 ==== Assignment with math functions ==== ==== Assignment with math functions ====
Line 80: Line 81:
 | '':D=ATANH.R %%'e^2'%%'' | Assign the hyperbolic arctangent of ''%%'e^2'%%'' to register ''D''  | | '':D=ATANH.R %%'e^2'%%'' | Assign the hyperbolic arctangent of ''%%'e^2'%%'' to register ''D''  |
  
-==== Testing ====+==== Tests ==== 
 + 
 +Test instructions will, when the result is not stored or assigned to any register, affect two system flags: flag [[manual:appendix:flags#flag-58|-58]] if the result of the test was zero (in the case of ''CMP'', if the two arguments are equal) and flag [[manual:appendix:flags#flag-59|-59]] if the result is negative (in the case of ''CMP'', when the first argument is less than the second). 
 + 
 +The ''CMP'' command is equivalent to the **newRPL** ''[[manual:chapter6:operators:cmd_ovr_cmp|CMP]]'' operator and accepts the same type of arguments. 
  
 | '':CMP.A.#1''  | Compare register ''A'' and literal ''1'', setting internal flags accordingly  | | '':CMP.A.#1''  | Compare register ''A'' and literal ''1'', setting internal flags accordingly  |
 +| '':C=CMP.A.#1''  | Compare register ''A'' and literal ''1'', store the result of the comparison in ''C''. In this case internal flags will **not** be set.  |
 +| '':AND.A.#1''  | Logical ''AND'' between ''A'' and literal ''1'' (always true), therefore resulting in ''0'' (false) if ''A'' is false, true otherwise. Internal flags will be set accordingly.  |
 +| '':C=AND.A.#1''  | Same as above, store the result of the test (true/false) in ''C''. In this case internal flags will **not** be set.  |
  
-The ''CMP'' command is equivalent to the **newRPL** ''[[manual:chapter6:operators:cmd_ovr_cmp|CMP]]'' operator and accepts the same type of arguments, but instead of returning a value representing the result of the comparison it merely sets two system flags: flag [[manual:appendix:flags#flag-58|-58]] if the two arguments are equal and flag [[manual:appendix:flags#flag-59|-59]] if the first argument is less than the second. 
  
 ==== Flow control ==== ==== Flow control ====
Line 93: Line 100:
 | ''AL''    | Always                 | ---       | ---       | | ''AL''    | Always                 | ---       | ---       |
 | ''LT''    | Less Than              | ---       | Set       | | ''LT''    | Less Than              | ---       | Set       |
-| ''EQ''    | Equals                 | Set       | ---       | +| ''EQ'' or ''Z''  | Equals                 | Set       | ---       | 
-| ''LTE''   | Less Than or Equals    | ---       | Set       |+| ''LE''    | Less Than or Equals    | ---       | Set       |
 | :::       | :::                    | Set       | ---       | | :::       | :::                    | Set       | ---       |
 | ''NA''    | Never                  | ---       | ---       | | ''NA''    | Never                  | ---       | ---       |
-| ''GTE''   | Greater Than or Equals | ---       | Clear     | +| ''GE''    | Greater Than or Equals | ---       | Clear     | 
-| ''NE''    | Not Equals             | Clear     | ---       |+| ''NE'' or ''NZ''  | Not Equals             | Clear     | ---       |
 | ''GT''    | Greater Than           | Clear     | Clear     | | ''GT''    | Greater Than           | Clear     | Clear     |
  
 ---- ----
  
-| '':SKIP.EQ''  | Skip next instruction if the result of last comparison was //Equals// +| '':SKIP.EQ''  | Skip next instruction if the state of the flags was //Equals// 
-| '':LOOP.LTE''  | Must be followed by a program ''« ... »'' or a secondary '':: ... ;''. Repeat the object that follows while the result of the last comparison is //Less Than or Equals//. Notice the program or secondary that follows **must** update the internal flags with a '':CMP.[Y].[Z]'' statement or it will loop indefintely  | +| '':LOOP.LE''  | Must be followed by a program ''« ... »'' or a secondary '':: ... ;''. Repeat the object that follows while the state of the flags is //Less Than or Equals//. Notice the program or secondary that follows **must** update the internal flags with a '':CMP.[Y].[Z]'' or other test statement or it will loop indefinitely  | 
-| '':FPUSH.GT'' Push True (''1''to the stack if the result of the last comparison is //Greater Than//, otherwise push False (''0'' |+| '':A=CHK.GT'' Results in true (''1'') if the state of flags is //Greater Than//, otherwise results in False (''0''). Result may be stored into a register or pseudo-register. If the result is not stored, flags will be affected accordingly  |
  
-The ''FPUSH'' command is useful to combine assembly-like statements into **newRPL** flow control structures. For example<code>+The ''CHK'' command is useful to combine assembly-like statements into **newRPL** flow control structures. For example<code>
 « IF  « IF 
-    :CMP.A.#0 +    :CMP.A.#3    @@ COMPARE A WITH 3 
-    :FPUSH.EQ+    :P=CHK.EQ    @@ AND CHECK IF IT'S EQUAL, PUSHING TRUE/FALSE TO THE STACK
   THEN   THEN
     ...     ...
Line 127: Line 134:
 | '':PUSH.A.#3'' | Reverse of '':POP''. In this example will do '':P=C'', '':P=B'' and '':P=A''  | | '':PUSH.A.#3'' | Reverse of '':POP''. In this example will do '':P=C'', '':P=B'' and '':P=A''  |
 | '':RPUSH.A.#3''  | Reverse of '':RPOP''. In this example will do '':P=A'', '':P=B'', and '':P=C''  | | '':RPUSH.A.#3''  | Reverse of '':RPOP''. In this example will do '':P=A'', '':P=B'', and '':P=C''  |
 +| '':CLR.A.#3'' | Set registers to zero (clear) starting with ''A'', and as many registers as requested. In this example will do '':A=0'', '':B=0'' and '':C=0''  |
  
 ==== Example code ==== ==== Example code ====
Line 140: Line 148:
   -103 SF             @ Complex results   -103 SF             @ Complex results
   :A=RPOP.S1.#      @ Store coefficients in registers   :A=RPOP.S1.#      @ Store coefficients in registers
-  :CMP.A.#0 :FPUSH.EQ @ a=0? Push test on the stack +  :AND.A.C            @ Are either zero? 
-  :CMP.C.#0 :FPUSH.EQ @ c=0? Push test on the stack +  :SKIP.NZ            @ Skip next seco if both A and C were non-zero
-  OR                  @ Are either zero? +
-  :CMP.S1.#1 DROP     @ Turn newRPL boolean into flags and discard it +
-  :SKIP.NE            @ Skip next seco if false+
   :: "Zero Input Invalid"   :: "Zero Input Invalid"
      DOERR            @ Abort with error      DOERR            @ Abort with error
   ;   ;
-  :P=#0-B             Push -B on stack +  :D=#0-B             @ -B 
-  DUP SQ              -B, B^2 +  :E=B*B              @ B^2 
-  :S1*=A :S1*=C     @ -B, B^24*A*C +  :F=#4*A :F*=C       4*A*C 
-  - √                 @ -B√(B^2-4*A*C) +  :E-=F   :E=SQRT.E   @ √(B^2-4*A*C) 
-  :P=B SIGN *       @ -B-SIGN(B)*√(B^2-4*A*C) +   
-  2 / :S1/=A          @ (-B-SIGN(B)*√(B^2-4*A*C))/2/A is R1, the largest root in absolute value +  :CMP.B.#0 
-  :P=C :S1/=        @ R1, C/A+  :SKIP.GE :F=D+E     @ -B+√(B^2-4*A*C) when B<=0 
 +  :SKIP.LT :F=D-E     @ -B-√(B^2-4*A*C) when B>0 
 +   
 +  :E=A*#2             @ 2*A 
 +  :P=F/             @ (-B-SIGN(B)*√(B^2-4*A*C))/2/A is R1, the largest root in absolute value 
 +  :P=C/             @ R1, C/A
   :S1/=S2             @ C/(R1*A) is R2, the other root   :S1/=S2             @ C/(R1*A) is R2, the other root
 » »
Line 177: Line 187:
     :F*=A         @ F='(y2-y1)*(X-x1)'     :F*=A         @ F='(y2-y1)*(X-x1)'
     :B-=F         @ B='(Y-y1)*(x2-x1)-(y2-y1)*(X-x1)'     :B-=F         @ B='(Y-y1)*(x2-x1)-(y2-y1)*(X-x1)'
-    :PUSH.B.#1    @ Push result on the stack+    :P=         @ Push result on the stack
   »   »
 » »
 </code>  </code> 
  • manual/chapter5/asm.txt
  • Last modified: 2021/09/29 05:58
  • by jojo1973